PROGRAM - BCA
SEMESTER - 3
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BCA3020 – Data Base
Management System(DBMS)
1. Explain the functions of the
following
(a) Entities
(b) Attributes
(c) Relationships
(a) Entities
The
entity-relationship (E-R) data model based on a perception of real world that
consists of a set of basic objects called
entities, and of relationships
among these objects.
It was developed
to facilitate database
design by allowing
the specification of
an enterprise schema,
which represents the
overall logical
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here employee,
department, division, project,
skill, and location are all examples of entities.
(b) Attributes
Attributes
are characteristics of entities that provide descriptive details about them. A
particular occurrence of an attribute within an entity or relationshipis called
an attribute value. Attributes of an entity such as Employee may include
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(c) Relationships
Relationships
represent real-world associations among one or more entities, and, as
such, have no
physical or conceptual
existence, other than
that which depends upon their entity associations. Relationships are
described in terms of degree, connectivity, and existence. These terms are
defined in the sections that
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2. Write the functions of the
following
(a) Storage Manager
(b) Buffer Manager
The Storage Manager:
The Storage
Manager interfaces with the operating system
(OS) to write
data to the
disk efficiently. Because
the storage functions reside in a
separate subsystem, the MySQL engine operates at a level of abstraction away
from the operating system. This means that if you port to a different operating
system that
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The Buffer Manager:
This subsystem
handles all memory
management issues between requests
for data by
the Query Engine
and the Storage Manager. MySQL
makes aggressive use of memory
to cache result
sets that can be
returned as-is
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3. List and explain the important
responsibilities of database manager.
The important responsibilities of
database manager are as follows :
·
Interaction with file manager: The raw data is stored
on the disk using the file system
which is usually
provided by a
conventional operating
system. The database manager translates
the various DML statements into
low-level file system
commands. Thus the
database manager is responsible for the actual storing,
retrieving and updating of data in the database.
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4. Explain the Sequential File
Organization with the help of diagrams.
A sequential
file is designed
for efficient processing
of records in
sorted order based
on some search-key.
A search key
is any attribute
or set of attributes; it need not
be the primary key, or even a superkey. To permit fast retrieval of
records in search-key
order, we chain
together records by
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5. Explain basic operations of
Relational algebra?
Basic
operations are the
traditional set operations:
union, difference,
intersection and Cartesian
product. Three of
these four basic
operationsunion, intersection, and difference –
require that operand relations be union compatible. Two relations are
union compatible if they have the same
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6. What are the disadvantages of
Data Distribution.
The primary disadvantage
of distributed database
systems is the
added complexity required to
ensure proper coordination
among the sites.
This increased complexity takes the form of:
Software development
cost: It is more difficult to implement
a distributed database system and, thus, more costly.
Greater potential
for bugs: Since
the sites that
comprise the distributed
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7. Write a note on the following
a) SUBSET Mapping
b) SUPERSET Mapping
SUBSET Mapping:
This type
of mapping is used when all the attributes of a persistent class
are mapped to
the same table.
It is also
used when apersistent class is not concerned with some
of the columns (not part of the business model) of its corresponding table in
the database. The attributes of a persistent class with a
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SUPERSET Mapping:
This is
done when a persistent class with a
superset mapping contains attributes
derived from columns
of multiple tables.
This type of mapping is also known as
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PROGRAM BCA
REVISED 2012
SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BCA3030 - UNDERSTANDING PC
& TROUBLE SHOOTING
1 What are processor modes? Explain the three
types of processor modes
Before we proceed to the CPU concepts and its
architecture, it would help you to
have a brief
introduction to some
of the concepts
of processor modes. In generic term, mode is a way that
creates a system for itself for its processor creation
and operations. Processor
mode is responsible
for managing and controlling the
system memory and its use. Processor modes are classified into three types as:
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2. List the different PCI signals along with
their functions
PCI signals
There
are various signals
which serve different
functions in the
PCI Bus. The
PCI configuration is
differentiated as asynchronous
and synchronous based
on the dependence
of the FSB
speed. FSB stands for
Front sided
Bus which
is responsible for data transfer between CPU and one of the two chips
of the Core
logic chipset on
the mother board.
An asynchronous configuration is found in the latest
motherboards
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3. Define the following
a. Front Sided Bus
FSB stands for Front Sided Bus and used to connect
CPU to the computer system and CPU with
the various other components of the system. FSB is two directional flows of data. It means
various components send and receive the data from the processor. FSB is also
called as processor Bus because
its acts
as a main path for the data flow from processor to other parts of the motherboard. The speed of
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4 . What is
POST? What are the various steps performed by the POST to check for resource
availability
Power-On-Self-Test
(POST)
Power-On-Self-Test is a routine that is run to
ensure that all the components and functions
of the computer
are working correctly
to start the
computer successfully. The POST
only checks the system for availability of resources; however, POST also manages the initialization
of computer system entirely. It performs
the following steps,
along with a
check for availability
of resources.
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5. Discuss any five guidelines that we need to
follow while troubleshooting the hardware problem
Guidelines that we need to follow while
troubleshooting the hardware problem
o Hardware
failures or Configuration
problems: There may
be some hardware
problems such as
high or low
power, limited bandwidth, malfunctioning, etc.
In this case,
make sure that
the root is
working properly through the Device
Manager. If you find an exclamation mark in a
yellow circle or
triangle along with
root hub then
it means there
is some error.
USB Root Hubs
are both hysical and
virtual installation ports that can be found on your computer that
are used for implementing and
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6 List the steps involved in installation of
software in modem.
Modem
Installation
Step One: Prepare for installation
Uninstall all other modems that are installed on
your computer. For instructions, refer to the ocumentation for your previous
modem. Unplug all telephone and power cords connected to your previous modems. Step
Two: Install the Hardware
Use the provided telephone cord to connect the
phone jack on the modem to an analogue telephone wall jack. insert phone
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SUBJECT CODE & NAME BCA 3040 – DATA COMMUNICATION
1. Draw the block diagram of
communication system and briefly explain each block.
Basic Block Diagram of a Communication System:
Block diagram is a diagram
of a communication system
shown in below figure consists of information source, transmitter,
channel and receiver blocks. The detailed explanation of the blocks is
discussed below.
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2. Briefly explain
the communication channel
with an example.
Ans- Communication channel
Communication channel
means a medium through which electrical
signals can be transmitted. A
communication channel (or simply
channel), refers either to
a physical transmission
medium such as
a wire, or to a
logical connection over a
multiplexed medium such as a
radio channel. A channel
is used
to convey an
information signal, for
example a digital
bit stream, from
one or several
senders (or transmitters)
to one or
several receivers. Signals
transmitted may be
either analog or
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3 What is modulation? Explain why
modulation is required.
Ans- Modulation
Modulation is
the process of
varying one of
characteristics (either amplitude
or frequency or
phase) of a
high-frequency periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating
signal which typically contains information
to be transmitted. If we look at a general function for a sinusoid:
We can see that this sinusoid has 3
parameters or characteristics that can be altered
to transmit data. . The first term, A, is called the magnitude, or amplitude of the sinusoid. The next term, is known as
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4 What is Coaxial cable? Briefly
explain the structure of Coaxial cable with a supported diagram.
Ans- Coaxial cable
Coaxial
cable has traditionally been an important part of the long distance telephone
network. Using
frequency-division multiplexing (FDM),
a coaxial cable can carry over 10,000 voice channels
simultaneously. Coaxial Cable consists
of 2 conductors. The inner conductor is held inside an insulator with the other conductor woven
around it providing a shield. An insulating
protective coating called a jacket covers the outer conductor. The outer
shield protects the inner conductor from outside electrical signals. The physical description
is shown in
figure 3.3. A
single coaxial cable
has a
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5.Briefly explain Nyquist
theorem with mathematical representation.
Ans- Nyquist theorem
The Nyquist theorem
states that “a signal must be sampled at least twice as fast as the bandwidth of the signal to
accurately reconstruct the waveform” In other words, the sampling frequency
should be at least twice the highest frequency contained in the signal. It is
mathematically represented as fs ≥ 2fm
Where fs is
the sampling frequency
and fm is the
maximum or highest frequency contained in the
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6 What are
the advantages of
packet switching over
circuit switching?
Ans- This approach has a number of advantages
over circuit switching:
• Line
Efficiency is greater,
because a single
node-to-node link can be
dynamically shared by many packets over
time. The packets are queued up and
transmitted as rapidly
as possible over
the link. But
in circuit switching, time on a node-to-node link is
preallocated using synchronous
time division
multiplexing. Much of
the time, such
a link may
be idle because a portion of its time is dedicated to
a connection that is idle.
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SUBJECT CODE & NAME BCA 3050 – Soft Skill - Personality
Development
1. (a) Explain any two personality characteristics
in an organization.
(b) Explain the POSEC method of
time management.
Ans-a. Personality Characteristics in
Organizations
Managers should learn
as much as possible about personality in order to understand
their employees. Hundreds
of personality characteristics have been identified.
We have selected
eight characteristics because
of their particular influences on individual behaviour
in organizations. They are:
1. Locus of Control
2. Machiavellianism
3. Self-esteem
4. Self-efficacy
5. Self-monitoring
6. Positive / Negative Affect
7. Risk Taking
1. Locus of Control
Some people believe
they are masters of their own fate. Other people see themselves as pawns of fate, believing that
what happens to them in their lives is
due to luck
or chance. An
individual's generalized belief
about internal (self) versus external
(situation or others) control is called locus of
control.
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b. POSEC Method
POSEC is
an acronym for
Prioritize by Organizing,
Streamlining, Economizing and
Contributing.
The method dictates a
template which emphasizes an average individual's immediate
sense of emotional
and monetary security.
It suggests that
by attending to
one's personal responsibilities first,
an individual is
better positioned to shoulder
collective responsibilities Prioritize:
Your time and define your life goals by:
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2. Why are goals important? Why
should they be SMART?
Goals give
a sense of
direction. People confuse
goals with dreams
and wishes. Dreams and
wishes are nothing
more than desires.
However, desires become strong when they are supported by,
·
Direction
·
Dedication
·
Determination
·
Discipline
·
Deadlines
That is
what differentiates a
desire from a goal. Goals
are dreams with a
deadline and an action plan. Goals can be worthy. It is passion, not wishing
that turns dreams into reality.
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3. What is self-image? How is it created?
The ‘self-image’
is derived from
Carl Roger’s ‘Self -Theory.’ According
to him, the ‘self’ consists of all the perceptions, ideas, values and
features that characterize ‘I’ or ‘Me’. It includes ‘what I am’ and ‘What I can
do.’ Roger defines the self
concept as “an
organised, consistent, conceptual
gestalt composed of perceptions
of the characteristics of
the I or
Me and the perceptions of
the relationships of
I or Me
to these perceptions.”
An individual with a strong, positive self -concept is
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