PROGRAM - BCA
SEMESTER I
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BCA1010 FUNDAMENTALS OF IT AND PROGRAMMING
1. What is a Computer? Briefly
explain organization of the Computer.
Computer – Definitions
A computer is a device
that receives information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result
based on a program or sequence of
instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers
also include the means for storing data
(including the program, which is also a
form of
data) for some
necessary duration. A
program may be
invariable and built
into the computer
(and called logic
circuitry as it
is on microprocessors) or
different programs may
be
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2. How are computers classified?
Briefly explain the classifications of Computer.
Computers are
classified according to their data processing speed, amount of
data that they
can hold and
price. Generally, a
computer with high processing speed and large internal
storage is called a big computer. Due to rapidly improving technology, we are
always confused among the categories of computers.
Depending upon their
speed and memory size, computers are classified into following four main
groups.
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3. What is Computer Software? How
it is useful in running Hardware?
Computer Software
Computer Software is a general term for organized
collections of computer data and
instructions, often broken
into two major
categories: system software that provides the basic
non-task-specific functions of the computer,
and application software
which is used
by users to
accomplish specific
tasks. A computer program guides
a computer to perform some processing
function or combination of functions. For the instructions to be carried
out, a computer must execute a program,
that is, the computer reads the program,
and then follows
the steps encoded
in the program
in a exact
order
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SEMESTER I
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BCA1020- PROGRAMMING IN C
1. Define operators. Briefly
explain about any four Operators in C.
Definition of Operators: C
supports a rich
set of operators.
An operator is
a symbol that
tells the computer to
perform certain mathematical
or logical manipulations. Operators are
used in programs
to manipulate data
and variables. They usually form a part of the mathematical
or logical expressions.
C operator can be classified into a number of categories. They include:
1. Arithmetic operators
2. Unary operator
3. Relational operators
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2. Differentiate between while and do-while statements.
The while loop : Loops generally consist of two parts: one or more
control expressions which control the execution of the loop, and the body,
which is the statement or set of statements which is executed over and over.
The most
basic loop in C is the
while loop. A while
loop has one control expression,
and executes as
long as that
expression is true.
Here before
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3. Describe about static and external variables.
Static Variables : Static variables
are defined within
individual functions and
therefore have the same scope as
automatic variables, i.e. they are local to the functions in which they
are declared. Unlike
automatic variables, however,
static variables retain their values throughout the life of the program.
As a result, if a function is
exited and then
reentered later, the
static variables defined
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4. Define structure. What is the syntax for defining a structure? Write a
simple program using structure.
Structure Definition: A Structure definition creates a format that
may be used to declare
structure variables. For
e.g., Consider a
book database consisting of book
name, author, number of pages and price.
struct book_bank
{
char title[20];
char author[15];
int pages;
float price;
};
The keyword
struct declares a
structure to hold
the details of
four fields, namely title,
author, pages and
price. These fields
are called structure elements or members. Each member
may belong to a different type of data.
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5. Define macro. How we can declare a macro statement? Explain with an
example.
A preprocessor line of the
form
#define name text
defines a
macro with the
given name, having
as its value
the given replacement text. After
that (for the rest of the current source file), wherever the preprocessor sees
that name, it will replace it with the replacement text. The name follows the
same rules as ordinary identifiers (it can contain only letters, digits,
and underscores, and
may not begin
with a digit).
Since macros
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6. What is the use of fopen () and fclose () function? List and explain
different modes for opening a file.
The fopen function opens a
file (or perhaps some other I/O object, if the operating system permits devices
to be treated as if they were files) and returns a stream (FILE *) to be used
with later I/O calls. fopen's prototype is
FILE *fopen(char *filename, char *mode)
For the
rest of this chapter, we'll often use prototype notations like these to
describe functions, since a prototype gives us just the information we need
about a function: its name, its return type, and the types of its arguments
(perhaps
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PROGRAM - BCA
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BCA 1030- BASIC MATHEMATICS
1. (i) Express 7920 in
radians and (7π/12)c in degrees
Answer:
(a) 7920 in radians
7920
= 
Answer = 
(b) (7π/12)c in degrees
= 
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2. i. 
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Solution:
As
y = x n ,m,n, y n = ç
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By
chain rule, ny
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n-1 dy
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dy
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x m-1
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dx
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3. 
Answer:
In 
Let numerator = l (denominator) +
m (derivative of denominator)
Therefore,
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4. Solve 
Answer:
…………………….. (1)
Let 
and 
, Putting the value of equation in (1) we get,
and , Putting the value of equation in (1) we get,
…………..(2)
Now chases ʎ and ƙ such that,
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5. i. If 
prove that 
prove that
Solution:
L.H.S. = 1 + cosq + i
sinq
1 - cosq - i sinq
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2 cos2
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2 sin2
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2 cos
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2 sin
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R.H.S.
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CONTACT
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6. Solve: 2x + 3y + 4z = 20, x + y + 2z = 9, 3x + 2y +
z = 10
Let ,
2x + 3y + 4z = 20 ……
(1)
x + y + 2z = 9……………(2)
3x + 2y + z = 10……….
(3)
Multiplying (2) by 2 ,
we get :
2x + 2y + 4z =
18……………(4)
Now, Subtracting (4)
from (1) , we get :
2x + 3y + 4z = 20 ……
(1)
-2x - 2y - 4z =
-18……………(4)
_______________
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PROGRAM - BCA
SEMESTER - I
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BCA1040 - DIGITAL LOGIC
1. Solve each of the following
4-bit subtraction problems using 2's complement representation.
i. (00110)2 – (00101)2
ii. (0111)2 - (0001)2
i. (00110)2 – (00101)2
00110
+ 11011
( 1’s complement)
_______
1 00001
_______
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2. What is difference between
minterm and maxterm? Express the following function -
F(x,y,z) = (x+z) y in form of minterm and maxterm?
A
minterm of the Boolean variables x1, x2, ..., xn is a Boolean
product y1y2...yn where yi = xi or yi = xi'. A minterm has a value of 1 if and
only if all the values of its variables are 1. So, if x = y = 1 and z = 0 then
xyz' is the minterm that equals 1. By taking Boolean sums of minterms, we can
build up a Boolean expression that represents the values of a function represented
by a table. The minterms in this sum correspond to those combinations of the
values for which the function has a value of 1.This Boolean
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3. Draw truth table for following
Boolean function
a) F(x,y) =(x+z)y
b) F(x,y) = xy +xy'
a) F(x,y,z) =(x+z)y
For the following
Boolean function F(x,y,z) = (x+z) y
x y
z x+z (x+z)y
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
1 1 0
0 1
0 0 0
0 1
1 1 1
1 0
0 1 0
1 0
1 1 0
1 1
0 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
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b) F(x,y) = xy + xy'
The values of this
function are displayed in the table
below – all
we did was
substitute all possible
values for the variables.
x y
xy xy' F(x,y)
0 0
0 0 0
0 1
0 0 0
1 0
0 1 1
1 1
1 0 1
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4. Simplify the following Boolean function using k map.
F(A,B,C,D) = ∑m(0,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,14,15)
Solution:
Below is the basic
template relating to positioning of the minterms of the map.
K-map for the given function is
as below:
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5. What are combinational circuit?
Explain differences between sequential circuits and combinational
circuits.
Definition of Combinational Circuits
A digital
circuit which generates
a set of
outputs from set
of inputs using
Boolean operations is
known as combinational
circuits. Usually many Boolean
functions are implemented
using combinational circuit
and each Boolean function
corresponds to a
particular output. In
a combinational circuit, it is
important to observe that each Boolean function implemented is represented by an
output.
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6. What is
the difference between
Ring counter and
Johnson counter?
Johnson Counters
A Johnson counter is
constructed using serial-in and serial-out (SISO) shift register. The output of
the shift register is connected back to the input after passing it through an inverter. Depending on the initial
bit pattern stored in the shift register,
the shift register content
changes for every clock and the bit pattern gets repeated after 2n clocks,
where n is the number of bits in the shift register. These are called “walking ring” counters and have specialist applications
like digital-to-analog converters (DAC) etc.
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